Art (from a Museum):
Artist, A. A.(year).Title of work[Medium]. Museum Name, Museum Location.
Example:
Monet, C. (1900).The water lily pond[Painting].Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA, United States.
Art (online):
Artist, A. A.(year).Title of work[Medium]. Museum Name, Museum Location. https://xxxxxx
Example:
Monet, C. (1900).The water lily pond[Painting].Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA, United States.https://collections.mfa.org/objects/33697
Graphs and Chart (from an article)
Figure X. Description of the image or title of the image. From "Title of Article," by Article Author's First Initial. Second Initial. Last Name, year, day, (for a magazine) or year (for a journal), Title of Magazine or Journal, volume number, page(s). Copyright year by name of copyright holder.
Example:
Figure 1. A proposed potential therapeutic algorithm based on current studies and clinical trials. From "Treatment for COVID-19: An overview," byStasi, C., Fallani, S., Voller, F., & Silvestri, C, 2020,European journal of pharmacology,889, 173644. Copyright 2020 by Elsevier.
Infographic:
Artist, A. A.(year).Title of infographic[Infographic]. Source. https://xxxxxx
Example:
CDC. (2020).Disability Impacts All of Us Infographic [Infographic]. Centers for Disease and Control Prevention.https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/images/disability-impacts-all1185px.png
Photographs/Images:
Photographer, A. A.(Date).Title of photograph[Photograph]. Source. https://xxxxxx
Example:
Adler, G. S. (1968).April 23, 1968 Crowd Sundial Rally[Photograph]. Columbia University Libraries.https://dlc.library.columbia.edu/catalog/cul:fbg79cnpkb
One Author:
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication).Title of book: Subtitle if given(edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name often shortened.
Example:
Kottler, J.A. (2000). Doing good: passion and commitment for helping others.Brunner-Routledge.
Two or More Authors:
Last Name of First Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given, & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication).Title of book: Subtitle if given(edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name often shortened.
Example:
Case, L. P., Daristotle, L., Hayek, M. G., & Raash, M. F. (2011).Canine and feline nutrition: A resource for companion animal professionals(3rd ed.). Mosby.
Group or Company:
Name of Corporate Author. (Year of Publication).Title of book: Subtitle if given(edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name often shortened.
Example:
American Psychological Association. (2020).Publication manual of the American Psychological Association(7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
Editors:
Editor's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Ed.). (Year of Publication).Title of book: Subtitle if given(edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name often shortened.
Example:
Miller, J., & Smith, T. (Eds.). (1996).Cape Cod stories: Tales from Cape Cod, Nantucket, and Martha's Vineyard. Chronicle Books.
Format:
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication).Title of dissertation (Publication No, if applicable)[Type of Paper, name of the University].SourceName or Repository Name. URL.
Examples:
Kabir, J. M. (2016).Factors influencing customer satisfaction at a fast food hamburger chain: The relationship between customer satisfaction and customer loyalty(Publication No. 10169573) [Doctoral dissertation, Wilmington University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Zambrano-Vazquez, L. (2016).The interaction of state and trait worry on response monitoring in those with worry and obsessive-compulsive symptoms[Doctoral dissertation, University of Arizona]. UA Campus Repository.https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/620615
Notes:
- Author.Note: List the author's last name and initials as Author, A. A. There is usually only one author for a thesis or dissertation, you don't need to include any faculty advisers.
- (Year, Month Date).Note: Provide as specific a date as is available.
- Title of the dissertation or thesis[Doctoral dissertation or Master's thesis, Name of University].Note: For works that stand alone (e.g. books, dissertations, theses), italicize the title. Only capitalize the first word of the title and subtitle and any proper nouns. The title page will indicate whether it's a Doctoral dissertation or Master's thesis and list the name of the university granting the degree.
- Source.Note: Include the name of the database or institutional repository where you can access the work (e.g. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, PQDT Open, Scholar Commons).
- URLNote: If available it's available.
Online Encyclopedia & Dictionary:
Name of Group Author. (Year of Publication).Title of entry.In Editor's First Initial. Second Initial if given. Last Name (Ed.),Name of encyclopedia or dictionary(edition if given and is not first edition). Retrieved from date URL
Example:
Encyclopedia Britannica. (n.d.).Olive. Britannica Academic. Retrieved November 1, 2021, fromhttps://academic-eb-com.libproxy.scu.edu/levels/collegiate/article/olive/57030
Encyclopedia & Dictionary from Print (book):
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of entry. In Editor's First Initial. Second Initial if given. Last Name (Ed.),Name of encyclopedia or dictionary(Volume number, pp. first page of entry-last page of entry).Publisher Name often shortened.
Example:
King, P. N., & Wester L. (1998). Hawaii. InThe world book encyclopedia(Vol. 9, pp. 88-110). World Book.
From a Website:
Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. (Year of Publication, Month Day).Title of document: Subtitle if given(edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name. URL
Example:
Ontario Ministry of Children and Youth Services. (2010, April 27). Your preschool child's speech and language development. http://www.children.gov.on.ca/htdocs/English/topics/earlychildhood/ speechlanguage/brochure_preschool.aspx
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (December, 2020).Improving Health Care For Adults With Disabilities: An Overview Of Federal Data Sources[Issue Brief]. https://www.cms.gov/files/document/federaldatadisability508.pdf
Print Document:
Name of Government Department, Agency or Committee. (Year of Publication).Title of document: Subtitle if given(edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name.
Example:
Health Council of Canada. (2007).Canadians' experience with chronic illness care in 2007.
Notes for Reports, Policy Briefs, Press Release, etc:
- Author or Name of Group (If the group name has many layers, use the most specific agency as the author). The parent agencies will be listed as the publisher.
Note:You can abbreviate agency names in-text, butdo not abbreviate agency names in the list of references. - Date
- Title of Report or Title of Report (Report No. __)
- If it's not a report, but something fuzzier, like a press release, policy brief, etc. (so-called "gray literature), include a description in brackets. e.g., [Press Release] following the title.
- Publisher name (unless the publisher IS the group author)
- DOI or URL
Tip: It is often easier to identify the relevant elements of the citation by consulting a catalog entry (worldcat or your library's catalog) or by downloading the full report as a pdf and checking the cover pages.
One Author:
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article: Subtitle if any.Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number. https://doinumber
Example:
Bailey, N. W. (2012). Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes.Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 27(3), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126
Two to 20 authors:
Author'sLast Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given., & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year ofPublication). Title of article: Subtitle if any.Name of Journal, Volume Number(Issue Number), first page number-last page number. https://doinumber
Example:
Kerui Du, Shuai Shao, & Zheming Yan. (2021). Urban Residential Energy Demand and Rebound Effect in China: A Stochastic Energy Demand Frontier Approach.Energy Journal,42(4), 175–193. https://doi-org.libproxy.scu.edu/10.5547/01956574.42.4.kdu
21 or More Authors:
Example:
Kalnay, E.,Kanamitsu, M.,Kistler, R., Collins, W.,Deaven, D.,Gandin, L.,Iredell, M.,Saha, J., Mo, K. C.,Ropelewski, C., Wang, J.,Leetma, A., . . . Joseph, D. (1996). TheNCEP/NCAR40-year reanalysis project.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,77(3), 437-471. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2
Newspaper Article Online:
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of article: Subtitle if any.Name of Newspaper. URL
Example:
Callahan, A. (2021, November 30). Why does coffee make you poop? New York Times.https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/30/well/eat/why-does-coffee-make-you-poop.html
Newspaper Print:
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication, Month Day if Given). Title of article: Subtitle if any.Name of Newspaper, p. SectionPage if given.
Example:
Schwartz, J. (1993, September 30). Obesity affects economic, social status.The Washington Post,A1, A4.
Blog Post:
Author's Last Name, First initial. Second initial. Or, username if real name is not provided. (Year blog post was published, Month Day). Title of the blog post.Title of Blog.URL
Example:
Rudzate, A. (2022 February 21). How to Stay on Task and Avoid Distractions.Lifehack.https://www.lifehack.org/884657/stay-on-task
Podcast:
Director/Producer/Host's Last Name, First initial. Second initial if Given. (Role in the production e.g. Host, Director, Producer) (Year podcast was released, Month Day if given). Title of podcast episode: Subtitle if given (episode number if known)[Audio podcast episode]. InTitle of Podcast. Publisher.URL if known
Example:
Prime, K. (Host). (2019), March 29). For whom the cowbell tolls [Audio podcast episode]. InRadiolab.WNYC Studios. https://www.wnycstudios.org/story/whom-cowbell-tolls
Streaming Video (YouTube, Vimeo, Hulu):
Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial. of person who posted the video if known. [User name that posted the video] . (Year video was posted, Month Day).Title of video[Video]. Name of Streaming Service. URL
Example:
Green, H. [Crash Course]. (2012, December 18).Ecosystem Ecology: Links in the Chain - Crash Course Ecology #7[Video]. Youtube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v6ubvEJ3KGM
Twitter (Tweet):
Lastname, F. M. or Name of Group [@username]. (Year, Month Date). Content of the post up to the first 20 words[Tweet]. Site Name. URL
Example:
National Geographic [@NatGeo]. (2020, January 12). Scientists knew African grays are clever, but now they’ve been documented assisting other members of their species—even strangers [Tweet; thumbnail link to article]. Twitter. https://twitter.com/NatGeo/status/1216346352063537154
Corporate or Group as Author:
Corporation/Group/Organization's Name. (Year website was last updated/published, Month Day if given).Title of page:Subtitle(if any). Website Name. URL
Example:
American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. (2019, November 21).Justice served: Case closed for over 40 dogfighting victims. https://www.aspca.org/news/justice-served-case-closed-over-40-dogfighting-victims
One Author:
Author's LastName, First Initial. Second Initial if Given.(Year webpagewas last updated/published, Month Day if given).Title of page:Subtitle (if any). Website name. URL
Example:
Lynch, G., Legar H. S. (2020, January 16). Best gadgets 2020: the top tech you can buy right now. techradar.https://www.techradar.com/news/best-gadgets
