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, Reuven Rasooly Foodborne Toxin Detection & Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , Albany, CA 94710 , United States Corresponding author. Foodborne Toxin Detection & Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA 94710, United States. E-mail: reuven.rasooly@ars.usda.gov Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Paula Do Foodborne Toxin Detection & Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , Albany, CA 94710 , United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Xiaohua He Foodborne Toxin Detection & Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , Albany, CA 94710 , United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Bradley Hernlem Foodborne Toxin Detection & Prevention Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , Albany, CA 94710 , United States Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic
FEMS Microbiology Letters, Volume 371, 2024, fnae036, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnae036
Published:
28 May 2024
Article history
Received:
19 March 2024
Revision received:
13 May 2024
Accepted:
27 May 2024
Published:
28 May 2024
Corrected and typeset:
18 June 2024
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Reuven Rasooly, Paula Do, Xiaohua He, Bradley Hernlem, Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B is a superantigen that induces murine splenocyte proliferation and secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ ex vivo, FEMS Microbiology Letters, Volume 371, 2024, fnae036, https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnae036
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Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes is a significant human pathogen, producing a range of virulence factors, including streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SpeB) that is associated with foodborne outbreaks. It was only known that this cysteine protease mediates cleavage of transmembrane proteins to permit bacterial penetration and is found in 25% of clinical isolates from streptococcal toxic shock syndrome patients with extreme inflammation. Its interaction with host and streptococcal proteins has been well characterized, but doubt remains about whether it constitutes a superantigen. In this study, for the first time it is shown that SpeB acts as a superantigen, similarly to other known superantigens such as staphylococcal enterotoxin A or streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin type C, by inducing proliferation of murine splenocytes and cytokine secretion, primarily of interleukin-2 (IL-2), as shown by cytometric bead array analysis. IL-2 secretion was confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as secretion of interferon-γ. ELISA showed a dose-dependent relationship between SpeB concentration in splenocyte cells and IL-2 secretion levels, and it was shown that SpeB retains activity in milk pasteurized for 30 min at 63°C.
Streptococcus pyogenes, cytokine secretion, milk, pasteurization
© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of FEMS.
This article is published and distributed under the terms of the Oxford University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model (https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model)
Issue Section:
Research article > Food Microbiology
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